🔰 Beginner Level Networking Commands

1. ping

  • Use: Test network connectivity.

  • Example: ping google.com

2. ipconfig (Windows)

  • Use: Show IP address, subnet mask, and gateway.

  • Example: ipconfig /all

3. ifconfig (Linux/macOS)

  • Use: Display IP configuration.

  • Example: ifconfig

4. hostname

  • Use: Show or set the hostname.

  • Example: hostname or hostname newname

5. tracert (Windows) / traceroute (Linux/macOS)

  • Use: Track the route packets take to a host.

  • Example: tracert google.com or traceroute google.com

6. nslookup

  • Use: Query DNS to obtain domain name/IP mappings.

  • Example: nslookup google.com

7. netstat

  • Use: Show active connections, routing tables, and more.

  • Example: netstat -an

8. arp

  • Use: View and modify the ARP table.

  • Example: arp -a

⚙️ Intermediate Level Networking Commands

9. ip (Modern replacement for ifconfig in Linux)

  • Use: Manage IP addresses, routes, etc.

  • Example: ip addr show, ip route

10. netsh (Windows)

  • Use: Configure network interfaces and firewall.

  • Example: netsh wlan show profile

11. curl

  • Use: Transfer data to or from a server (HTTP, FTP, etc.)

  • Example: curl http://example.com

12. wget

  • Use: Non-interactive downloader.

  • Example: wget http://example.com/file.zip

13. dig (Linux/macOS)

  • Use: DNS lookup.

  • Example: dig google.com

14. nmap

  • Use: Network scanner for open ports and vulnerabilities.

  • Example: nmap 192.168.1.1

15. telnet

  • Use: Remote login or testing port availability.

  • Example: telnet google.com 80

16. ss (Linux)

  • Use: View socket statistics (replacement for netstat).

  • Example: ss -tuln

17. scp

  • Use: Secure file transfer over SSH.

  • Example: scp file.txt user@host:/path

18. ftp

  • Use: File Transfer Protocol client.

  • Example: ftp ftp.example.com

🧠 Advanced Networking Commands

19. tcpdump

  • Use: Packet analyzer for network diagnostics.

  • Example: tcpdump -i eth0

20. wireshark

  • Use: GUI-based network protocol analyzer (advanced packet analysis).

21. iptables (Linux)

  • Use: Set up firewall rules.

  • Example: iptables -L

22. firewalld / ufw (Linux firewall tools)

  • Use: Manage firewall rules more easily.

  • Examples:

    • ufw enable

    • firewall-cmd --list-all

23. route

  • Use: View or manipulate IP routing table.

  • Example: route -n

24. ip ntable

  • Use: Display neighbor tables (similar to ARP).

  • Example: ip neigh

25. ethtool

  • Use: Configure Ethernet devices.

  • Example: ethtool eth0

26. nmcli (Network Manager CLI)

  • Use: Manage network connections in Linux.

  • Example: nmcli device status

27. bmon

  • Use: Bandwidth monitor in real-time.

  • Example: bmon

28. sshd / ssh

  • Use: Secure shell server/client.

  • Example: ssh user@host

29. rsync

  • Use: Fast file transfer and synchronization over SSH.

  • Example: rsync -avz file user@host:/path

🧩 Bonus Tools/Commands for Professionals

  • nc or netcat – Listen/send TCP/UDP packets, great for debugging.

  • mtr – Combines ping and traceroute.

  • tshark – CLI version of Wireshark.

  • iptraf – Real-time IP LAN monitoring.

  • snmpwalk – Query SNMP-enabled devices.

  • nethogs – Monitor network usage by process

Comments

  • Rakhi kumari

    Please suggest me how to install kali linux full command step by step.

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